Loom, the common name of loom. The earliest looms were sitting looms (called waist looms). The method of use is to step on the warp stick of the loom with your feet, hold a weft beating wooden knife in your right hand to tighten the weft, and use your left hand as the weft feeding lead. This kind of foot pedal waist machine has no frame. One end of the cloth winding shaft is tied to the waist. The two feet pedal the warp shaft at the other end and tension the fabric. The warp yarn is divided into two layers by odd and even numbers with a warp dividing rod. The warp yarn is lifted with a heald lifting rod to form a shed, and the weft insertion is carried out with a bone needle and the weft beating knife. The most important achievement of waist machine weaving is the use of heald lifting rod, warp dividing rod and weft beating knife. Although this kind of loom seems very simple, it has three directions of movement: opening the mouth up and down, weft insertion left and right, and tightening back and forth. It is the ancestor of modern looms.
In the production practice of weaving, people have gradually innovated and successfully created the inclined loom with pedal heald. Its image appeared many times on the stone reliefs of the Han Dynasty. This oblique loom already has a frame, the warp surface and the horizontal base are at an angle of 50 or 60 degrees, and the opening device of pedal lifting heald is adopted. Weavers can operate by sitting with their hands and feet together, and their productivity is generally more than 10 times higher than that of the original loom, which was the most advanced loom in the world at that time.
In the development of modern textile industry, there are many forms of shuttleless looms, including rapier looms, projectile looms, air-jet looms, water jet looms, polyphase looms, magnetic weft insertion looms, and so on. Compared with shuttle looms, the fabrics produced by shuttleless looms have unparalleled advantages in terms of output, quality and variety. Shuttleless looms have replaced shuttle looms in most weaving fields. This pace has been further accelerated and has expanded from the textile industry of developed countries to developing countries. From the perspective of the technical development of international shuttleless looms and the needs of the textile industry, air-jet looms have made rapid progress in high-speed, wide width and serialization. In addition to being widely used in the cotton textile industry with a large number and a wide range, they are increasingly widely used in yarn dyed fabrics, jacquard fabrics and other fabrics, while rapier looms have advantages in product adaptability, variety changes of fabric designs and colors, and a wider range of suitable weaving, These two looms have become the two types of looms with the largest number of applications in the textile industry.
